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| Huge fish tank |
Huge fish tank
Sea creatures also need to go to the bathroom, and into aquariums, which serve to clean waste water such as ammonia, nitrite and nitrates. Good bacteria in the Georgia Aquarium break down nitrogen compounds, and in a new study, some bacterial communities imitated those found naturally in the oceans, surprisingly.
Frank stewart
"It was unprecedented. I did not expect this, ”said Frank Stewart, the lead investigator of the study led by the Georgia Institute of Technology. “Micro-communities are grown in an aquarium with microbes from animals and their food that do not go into the sea. But these look like natural marine microorganism communities. "
Read more: Huge fish tank - Tiny bacteria do a great job for giant fish tanks
This is good news for thousands of marine creatures, including whale sharks, manta rays, and sea turtles called "tanks", which live in the Aquarium Ocean Voyager, Georgia, the largest indoor in the United States with about 24 million liters (6.3 million) There is a marine display. Gallons) formed seawater. The researchers analyzed the two bacterial communities at the exhibition over time and studied their water cleaning capabilities.
'Real game changer'
"Aquarium analysis has been a real game changer for the Georgia Aquarium," said Eric Hall, who collaborated on research and is the Senior Director for Life Support Systems and Water Quality for the Aquarium. "Now we have a better understanding of what this beneficial bacterial micro-community looks like that lives in habitat water and in our filters."
Researchers would like their continued work to help aquarium operators. Georgia Tech and Georgia Aquarium, a nonprofit marine life organization, published their analysis in the Journal of Applied and Environmental Microbiology on Friday, September 29, 2018, and the Georgia Aquarium shared the results with other aquariums and universities near them.
The first author was Andrew Burns, a postdoctoral researcher in Stewart's lab. This research was funded by the Simmons Foundation, the National Science Foundation and the Tisley Endowment.
Fish poo jai
To stay fresh, the ocean seafloor springs through a series of cleaning processes. In the tank, like the oceans, bacteria break up excreta, ammonia, and other waste, then the aquarium exhibit water flows through the filter which removes more things, including nitrite.
Water also flows through special bacterial reactors, and by then it is free of all but nitrates, which can be toxic if allowed for the creation of high concentrations. In reactors, bacteria colonies, the focus of this study, break down nitrates.
Reactors, or "pads," contain almost no oxygen and bacteria offer sulfur as food. So, anaerobic bacteria collect sulfur to "eat" and "breathe" nitrates to form nitrogen gas, which can bubble up to the atmosphere. The Earth's atmosphere is naturally about 78 percent nitrogen.
Motley bacterial wonder
The bacterial community encountered two pads they had studied on dashed expectations. For one, the researchers thought they could find both pads dominated by an iconic denetrifying bacterium called Thiocosillus denitrispans, which could be used by hand for professional and home aquariums. They did not.
Stewart, an associate professor at Georgia Tech's School of Biological Sciences, said, "It certainly popped up in our system, but the genes for the tool of Theobacillus denifritans make these processes widespread among many different types of germs. Were distributed as follows. " "Diversity levels were still outstanding."
Furthermore, the compositions of the bacterial communities in the two pads were virtually antagonistic to each other.
"We had about 90 percent of our species in pads," Burns said. This was a strain related to a species called Thyobacillus thioporus. "The second pad had a much more diverse community with lots of species and even genera." (Genus is the classification category above the species.)
"Looking at some of the main contributors, there was a genus of sulfurimonas (bacteria) and there were even a ton of different species, about 150 species or ten, rather than strain variants that one could expect," Steven said. .
Bacterial nfl draft
Like sports teams, two bacterial communities gathered different players. One team had a big star player, and the other team spread the skills needed for all the chemical phases of the squad.
"We found that a single bacterium is going to be the main contributor to a part of these systems, and it will overtake everyone and make the most of the community and metabolize most," Burns said. "In our study, this pad turned out to be better at denaturation."
But it can work the other way, especially as mixed bacterial communities can work more efficiently, Burns said, and even in systems where a player is a star, diversity can add strength.
"It can give that bacterial system a backup," Burns said. "If it only relied on a big player, if something happened to it, the whole system could crash."
"It's really interesting that some specific species are present in our system and specifically find out what they are doing," Hall said. "These microbes are not only rotting, but are actually beneficial things for our water that we have not understood well before."
It is too early to make recommendations, but looking at early observations, researchers believe that someone trying to adapt bacteria to the aquarium does not necessarily have to throw a great organism into a system from outside. Maximizing its cleansing power rather than self-assembling a great bacterial community.
GA Aquatic Rescue Team
According to the George Aquarium, the Ocean Voyager Gallery was built by Home Depot and is one of the largest aquatic exhibits in the world. The exhibit was designed specifically for the House Whale Shark, the largest fish species in the world, and an endangered species conservationist is also working to preserve.
The Georgia Aquarium may possibly be the most aquatic life of any aquarium complex, but it is only part of the activities of the non-profit organization. For example, its animal rescuers rescue trapped sea lions, and threaten otters and sea turtles.
Researchers at the Georgia Aquarium explored the underwater world to expand the knowledge needed to protect ocean life and habitats, including coral reefs. And they improve animal care methods to save and breed endangered species.
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